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A Single-Center, Observational Study of 607 Children and Young People Presenting With Differences of Sex Development (DSD).
- Source :
- Journal of the Endocrine Society; Jan2023, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Context Differences of sex development (DSD) represent a wide range of conditions presenting at different ages to various health professionals. Establishing a diagnosis, supporting the family, and developing a management plan are important. Objective We aimed to better understand the presentation and prevalence of pediatric DSD. Methods A retrospective, observational cohort study was undertaken in a single tertiary pediatric center of all children and young people (CYP) referred to a DSD multidisciplinary team over 25 years (1995-2019). In total, 607 CYP (520 regional referrals) were included. Data were analyzed for diagnosis, sex-assignment, age and mode of presentation, additional phenotypic features, mortality, and approximate point prevalence. Results Among the 3 major DSD categories, sex chromosome DSD was diagnosed in 11.2% (68/607) (most commonly 45,X/46,XY mosaicism), 46,XY DSD in 61.1% (371/607) (multiple diagnoses often with associated features), while 46,XX DSD occurred in 27.7% (168/607) (often 21-hydroxylase deficiency). Most children (80.1%) presented as neonates, usually with atypical genitalia, adrenal insufficiency, undescended testes or hernias. Those presenting later had diverse features. Rarely, the diagnosis was made antenatally (3.8%, n = 23) or following incidental karyotyping/family history (n = 14). Mortality was surprisingly high in 46,XY children, usually due to complex associated features (46,XY girls, 8.3%; 46,XY boys, 2.7%). The approximate point prevalence of neonatal referrals for investigation of DSD was 1 in 6347 births, and 1 in 5101 overall throughout childhood. Conclusion DSD represent a diverse range of conditions that can present at different ages. Pathways for expert diagnosis and management are important to optimize care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 24721972
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of the Endocrine Society
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 161225347
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac165