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Levulinic Acid Production: Comparative Assessment of Al-Rich Ordered Mesoporous Silica and Microporous Zeolite.
- Source :
- Catalysis Letters; Jan2023, Vol. 153 Issue 1, p41-53, 13p
- Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- In this work, the formation of levulinic acid (LA) as one of the top-twelve chemical building blocks from glucose was studied. In particular, the formulations of heterogeneous acid catalysts based on SBA-15, MCM-41 mesoporous silica was carried out and their performance in catalytic conversion of glucose to LA were assessed and compared with commercial H-Beta-25 (SiO<subscript>2</subscript>/Al<subscript>2</subscript>O<subscript>3</subscript> = 25) microporous zeolite. The high surface area, suitable porosity, balanced acid sites were considered as the main factors of a proper catalytic performance. Thus, essential modification of mesoporous SBA-15 and MCM-41 materials was carried out by introducing Al in their structures for Lewis acid sites improvement. Alumina was introduced to SBA-15 by post synthesis evaporation impregnation method while it was embedded inside the MCM-41 mesoporous material during the synthesis. In addition, Brønsted acidity was introduced via post-synthesis grafting of sulfonic acid groups. The textural and morphological features and acidity of the materials were investigated using N<subscript>2</subscript> physisorption, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and pyridine-FTIR. All catalysts were tested for aqueous glucose conversion in an autoclave at 180 °C. Al-MCM-SO<subscript>3</subscript>H has shown the best performance with 54% of LA yield after 4 h reaction. According to Py-FTIR introduction of alumina and sulfonic acid groups improved weak and medium Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. However, the Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratio (B/L) was higher for Al-MCM-SO<subscript>3</subscript>H compared to SBA-Al-SO<subscript>3</subscript>H leading the reaction pathway to LA. H-Beta-25 zeolite displayed a poor performance because of harsh medium and strong acid sites catalyzing humins formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1011372X
- Volume :
- 153
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Catalysis Letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 161137598
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03955-y