What's in a Citation? Motivation and Classification of Citing References.

The article offers information on the legendary Eugene Garfield who set out to "propose a bibliographic system for science literature that can eliminate the uncritical citation of fraudulent, incomplete, or obsolete data by making it possible for the conscientious scholar to be aware of criticisms of earlier papers." It highlights that Garfield goes so far as to advocate for a metric that never gained much traction: the lifetime-citation count per paper.