The Capability of high spatial-temporal remote sensing imagery for monitoring surface morphology of lake ice in Chagan Lake of Northeast China.

The surface morphology of lake ice undergoes remarkable changes under the combined influence of thermal and mechanical forces, which has been rarely observed by remote sensing. A large-scale linear structure has repeatedly appeared on satellite images of Chagan Lake in recent years. We prosed a method to extract linear structure on the lake ice surface. We applied it to high spatial-temporal images merged by the Landsat and GOCI images using an enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM). We monitored the changes in surface morphology in Chagan Lake from November 2018 to March 2019, which were further verified as ice ridges during the field investigation. The average length of the ice ridges during the completely frozen period was 21141.57 ± 68.36 m. The average azimuth angle was 335.48° ± 0.23°, perpendicular to the wind domain. Besides, we discovered spherical ice balls along the southwestern coast. The deformation of surface morphology is closed related to wind direction, snowfall, and air temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]