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Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Source :
- Parasites & Vectors; 9/14/2022, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1-15, 15p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Background: Malaria in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients is an ever-increasing global burden for human health. The present meta-analysis summarizes published literature on the prevalence of malaria infection in HIV-positive children, pregnant women and adults. Methods: This study followed the PRISMA guideline. The PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant entries published between 1 January 1983 and 1 March 2020. All peer-reviewed original papers evaluating the prevalence of malaria among HIV-positive patients were included. Incoherence and heterogeneity between studies were quantified by the I<superscript>2</superscript> index and Cochran's Q test. Publication and population biases were assessed with funnel plots, and Egger's regression asymmetry test. Results: A total of 106 studies were included in this systematic review. The average prevalence of malaria among HIV-positive children, HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV-positive adults was 39.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.6–52.9), 32.3% (95% CI = 26.3–38.6) and 27.3% (95% CI = 20.1–35.1), respectively. In adult patients with HIV, CD4<superscript>+</superscript> (cluster of differentiation 4) < 200 cells/µl and age < 40 years were associated with a significant increase in the odds of malaria infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2–1.7 and OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1–1.3, respectively). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and being male were associated with a significant decrease in the chance of malaria infection in HIV-positive adults (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7–0.9 and OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.2–0.3, respectively). In pregnant women with HIV, CD4<superscript>+</superscript> count < 200 cells/µl was related to a higher risk for malaria infection (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–1.9). Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates that malaria infection is concerningly common among HIV-positive children, pregnant women and adults. Among HIV-positive adults, ART medication and being male were associated with a substantial decrease in infection with malaria. For pregnant women, CD4<superscript>+</superscript> count of < 200 cells/µl was a considerable risk factor for malaria infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17563305
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Parasites & Vectors
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 159101631
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05432-2