Extragalactic Magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). IV. Program Overview and First Results on the Polarization Fraction.

We present the first data release of the Survey on extragALactic magnetiSm with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program) with a set of 14 nearby (<20 Mpc) galaxies with resolved imaging polarimetric observations using HAWC+ from 53 to 214 ÎĽ m at a resolution of 5″â€"18″ (90 pcâ€"1 kpc). We introduce the definitions of and background on extragalactic magnetism and present the scientific motivation and sample selection of the program. Here we focus on the general trends in the emissive polarization fraction. Far-infrared polarimetric observations trace the thermal polarized emission of magnetically aligned dust grains across the galaxy disks with polarization fractions of P = 0%â€"15% in the cold, T _d = [19, 48] K, and dense, log 10 (N H I + H 2 [ cm âˆ' 2 ]) = [ 19.96 , 22.91 ] , interstellar medium. The spiral galaxies show a median 〈 P _{154 ÎĽ m}〉 = 3.3% ± 0.9% across the disks. We report the first polarized spectrum of starburst galaxies showing a minimum within 89â€"154 ÎĽ m. The falling 53â€"154 ÎĽ m polarized spectrum may be due to a decrease in the dust grain alignment efficiency produced by variations in dust temperatures along the line of sight in the galactic outflow. We find that the starburst galaxies and the star-forming regions within normal galaxies have the lowest polarization fractions. We find that 50% (seven out of 14) of the galaxies require a broken power law in the P âˆ' N H I + H 2 and P âˆ' T _d relations with three different trends. Group 1 has a relative increase of anisotropic random B-fields produced by compression or shear of B-fields in the galactic outflows, starburst rings, and inner bars of galaxies, and groups 2 and 3 have a relative increase of isotropic random B-fields driven by star-forming regions in the spiral arms and/or an increase of dust grain alignment efficiency caused by shock-driven regions or evolutionary stages of a galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]