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Dark to bright fluorescence state by inter-connecting fluorophores: concentration-dependent blue to NIR emission and live cell imaging applications.
- Source :
- New Journal of Chemistry; 9/14/2022, Vol. 46 Issue 34, p16409-16418, 10p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Interlinked aggregation induced emissive (AIE) fluorophores (triphenylamine (TPA) donor (D) and indanedione acceptor (A)) via non-conjugated spacers (1–3) showed concentration-dependent tunable fluorescence from blue to deep red/NIR in solution and deep red emission in the solid-state. 1–3 exhibited weak broad solid-state fluorescence covering the blue to deep red region (433 to 706 nm, Φ<subscript>F</subscript> = 2.3 to 5.3%). It is noted that the non-interlinked TPA-indanedione fluorophore was non-emissive in solution but showed strong solid-state fluorescence at 611 nm (Φ<subscript>F</subscript> = 17.7%). In contrast, 1–3 showed strong fluorescence in the solution state (Φ<subscript>F</subscript> = 0.001 to 0.09 compared to fluorescein). Importantly, 1–3 exhibited concentration-dependent tunable fluorescence from blue (457 nm) to deep red/NIR (720 nm) in CHCl<subscript>3</subscript> due to varied aggregation of fluorophores. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies confirmed the molecular aggregation even at very low concentrations (10<superscript>−7</superscript> M). The increasing concentration lowered the solubility and produced bigger aggregates with wide size distribution that caused tunable fluorescence. The deep red fluorescence of 1 was utilized for live-cell imaging applications using E. coli cells. Fluorescence microscopic images revealed clear red fluorescent E. coli cells with a rod morphology. Furthermore, the non-toxic nature of 1 was confirmed by in vitro as well as in vivo studies. Thus, deep red/NIR emissive fluorophores were achieved by interlinking two AIEgens using a non-conjugated spacer and utilized for live cell imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 11440546
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 34
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- New Journal of Chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 158807813
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nj03457c