Qualitative land suitability evaluation for maize (Zea mays L.) production on four benchmark soils in the forest-savanna transition agro-ecological zone of Ghana.

Maize is an important cereal crop, however, its production is constrained by soil, terrain and, climatic limitations that lead to food security problems. A study was conducted on four benchmark soil series in Ghana; Bediesi, Techiman, Denteso, and Amantin to evaluate their suitability for maize production, identify the major biophysical limitations of each soil and suggest remediation measures. Biophysical land evaluation using the simple limitation approach by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was carried out to assess the land suitability of the soil series for maize production. The length of the growing period for the study area was determined using the decade interpolation method. The area has two humid periods; Apr il 21st to August 2nd and August 28th to October 25th. Maize growth and production requirements were matched against soil, landscape, and climatic characteristics to arrive at the final suitability classes for the four benchmark soils. The generalized climatic characteristics of the study area were found to be highly suitable for major season maize production except for unpredictable dry spells that plague agriculture in the area. Major yield reductions were attributed to the soil and landscape characterist ics. Bediesi series was moderately suitable (S2f), Techiman and Amantin series were marginally suitable (S3s and S3sf, respectively) whereas Denteso series was currently not suitable (N1fw) for major season maize production. Thus, soil fertility management and soil and water conservation interventions such as organic matter application and making drainage channels are recommended to improve the potential suitability ratings of the soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]