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Angled Flip-Chip Integration of VCSELs on Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits.
- Source :
- Journal of Lightwave Technology; 8/1/2022, Vol. 40 Issue 15, p5190-5200, 11p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- An investigation of angled flip-chip integration of a singlemode 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) on a silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is presented. Using numerical FDTD simulations, we consider the conditions under which the VCSEL can be integrated at an angle over a grating coupler with high coupling efficiency and low optical feedback. With both coupling efficiency and feedback decreasing with increasing angle, there is a trade-off. With co-directional coupling, first-order diffraction loss sets in at a critical angle, which further reduces the coupling efficiency. No such critical angle exists for contra-directional coupling. We also experimentally demonstrate angled flip-chip integration of GaAs-based 850 nm single transverse and polarization mode VCSELs over grating couplers on a silicon-nitride PIC. At the output grating coupler, light is either collected by an optical fiber or converted to a photocurrent using a flip-chip integrated GaAs-based photodetector. The latter forms an on-PIC optical link. We measured an insertion loss of 21.9, 17.6 and 20.1 dB with a singlemode fiber, multimode fiber and photodetector over the output grating coupler, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 07338724
- Volume :
- 40
- Issue :
- 15
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Lightwave Technology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 158649444
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2022.3172781