The Immediate and Sustained Effects of Exercise-Induced Hemodynamic Response on Executive Function During Fine Motor-Cognitive Tasks Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

The article examines that chronic (aerobic) exercise induces a positive effect of structural and functional change in brain, leading to enhanced cognitive performance on a behavioral level. Topics include considered exercise-induced increased central circulation of neurotrophic and growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor leads to upregulation of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, and angiogenesis.