Evaluation of Fastening Modeling Approaches for Dynamic Assessment of Rail Based on Finite-Element Method.

Fastening systems play a significant role in railroad track dynamics. In this paper, three approaches are investigated for rail fastenings modeling using FEM: (1) spring–damper pairs covering the areas representing the fastening connections; (2) a solid-load approach that explicitly models the solid baseplates and includes toe loads by applying external loads; and (3) a solid-spring approach that takes into account the coupling of rail with the ties by using prestressed springs. Experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the FEM models. The mode shapes obtained from the FEM models and the experiments were used for the evaluation. A measurement quantifying the similarity of the mode shapes was proposed, which considers both shape similarity and distance similarity. The results showed that the rail foot's mode shapes obtained from the model using the spring–damper approach demonstrated the most similarity with the ones obtained from the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]