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Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Incident Natural Menopause in Midlife Women: The Mediating Role of Sex Hormones.
- Source :
- American Journal of Epidemiology; Jul2022, Vol. 191 Issue 7, p1212-1223, 12p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with earlier natural menopause; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood, particularly the extent to which this relationship is mediated by sex hormones. We analyzed data (1999–2017) on 1,120 premenopausal women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Causal mediation analysis was applied to quantify the degree to which follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels could mediate the associations between PFAS and incident natural menopause. Participants with higher PFAS concentrations had shorter times to natural menopause, with a relative survival of 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 0.96) for linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (n-PFOS), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.00) for sum of branched-chain perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.93) for linear-chain perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.97) for perfluorononanoate (PFNA), comparing the highest tertile of PFAS concentrations with the lowest. The proportion of the effect mediated through FSH was 8.5% (95% CI: −11.7, 24.0) for n-PFOS, 13.2% (95% CI: 0.0, 24.5) for Sm-PFOS, 26.9% (95% CI: 15.6, 38.4) for n-PFOA, and 21.7% (6.8, 37.0) for PFNA. No significant mediation by estradiol was observed. The effect of PFAS on natural menopause may be partially explained by variations in FSH concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- STATISTICS
KRUSKAL-Wallis Test
POLLUTANTS
FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone
CONFIDENCE intervals
ANALYSIS of variance
ESTRADIOL
SERUM
CHEMILUMINESCENCE assay
SELF-evaluation
MATHEMATICAL models
FISHER exact test
SYNTHETIC drugs
IMMUNOASSAY
SEX hormones
TELECONFERENCING
FACTOR analysis
POSTMENOPAUSE
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHI-squared test
SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry)
THEORY
MENOPAUSE
COLLECTION & preservation of biological specimens
SMOKING
WOMEN'S health
LONGITUDINAL method
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00029262
- Volume :
- 191
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 157803187
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac052