Optimization of Sporulation Conditions for Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5.

Bacillus subtilis spores have important biological applications; however, high spore-cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation is poorly reported. This study systematically analyzed the spore densities and formation efficiency of B. subtilis BSNK-5 in different culture substrates. A response surface regression equation was established based on the results of single factor and Box–Behnken experimental designs. The optimal medium formulation, as predicted from the equation, consisted of soluble starch at 3 g·L⁻¹, soybean flour at 12 g·L⁻¹, and MgSO₄ at 5 g·L⁻¹. The spore yield reached 2.43 × 10⁹ CFU·mL⁻¹, and the sporulation rate was 83.3%, which was nearly three times higher than before optimization using an optimized medium at 36 °C and 200 rpm for 60 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]