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Analysis of the Clock-Reading Ability in Patients with Cognitive Impairment: Comparison of Analog Clocks and Digital Clocks.
- Source :
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease; 2022, Vol. 87 Issue 3, p1151-1165, 15p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- <bold>Background: </bold>Time disorientation is one of the main symptoms observed in patients with dementia; however, their clock-reading ability has not been fully reported.<bold>Objective: </bold>This study aimed to investigate the clock-reading ability of both digital and analog clocks in patients with dementia. We newly devised the clock-reading test (CRT) and the number-reading test (NRT) to assess cognitive factors that may affect clock-reading ability. Furthermore, the discriminating power of the CRT was calculated.<bold>Methods: </bold>104 participants were categorized based on their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores as follows: subjective cognitive decline ∼ mild cognitive impairment (SCD∼MCI, N = 43), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) (N = 26), and middle-to-late AD (N = 35). Their cognitive abilities were evaluated using the clock-drawing test (CDT), CRT, and NRT.<bold>Results: </bold>Cognitive decline leads to impairment of clock-reading ability which is more pronounced in the analog clocks than digital ones. This deficit in clock-reading is attributed to a loss of semantic memory regarding clocks at all stages. Additionally, visuospatial dysfunction and reduced ability of number recognition may lead to deficit in clock-reading in the advanced stage of AD. The discriminating power of the CRT (analog) (AUC = 0.853) was high enough to detect cognitive decline.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Digital clocks are more readable by patients with dementia. Since reading clocks is closely associated with daily life, the CRT has proved to be a useful tool. A decline of analog clock-reading may be an early detector for the onset of dementia in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13872877
- Volume :
- 87
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 157526550
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-215471