Review of Phalloplasty Techniques and Prosthetics in Transgender Male Patients.

Purpose of Review: Techniques for phalloplasty and penile prosthesis implantation have been associated with a high rate of complications, but recent advances in surgical options and penile implant technology may mark a paradigm shift in the approach to female-to-male genital gender-affirming surgery. This review aims to highlight the current state of research on phalloplasty and penile prosthesis implantation and explores the newest innovations for improving outcomes. Recent Findings: Multiple techniques for phalloplasty have been described with variable outcomes, complications, and strengths. In addition, the majority of penile prosthesis implants have been designed for cis-male anatomy, and rates of complications have been markedly higher in neophallus implantation. The introduction of two new models specifically designed for the neophallus by Zephyr Surgical Implants in recent years may signal a new horizon for penile prostheses tailored for the neophallus. Summary: The steady rise in the number of transgender individuals seeking surgical treatment options for female-to-male genital gender-affirming surgery has driven the evolution of techniques for phalloplasty and penile prosthesis implantation. Complications remain stubbornly elevated when compared to cis-male outcomes, but the first penile prosthesis designed for the neophallus offers hope that additional breakthroughs may be forthcoming. Additional studies with standardized outcomes are needed to further evaluate superiority between different techniques and penile prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]