Post-pubertal effects of the Alt-RAMEC/FM and RME/FM protocols for the early treatment of Class III malocclusion: a retrospective controlled study.

Objective To assess the stability of the effects of the modified Alt-RAMEC and facial mask (FM) protocol at a post-pubertal observation. Methods Twenty-one Class III patients (11 males and 10 females, 6.5 ± 0.7 years) treated consecutively with the Alt-RAMEC/FM approach and presenting with lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and at post-pubertal observations (T3) were compared with 22 Class III patients (9 males and 13 females, 6.9 ± 1.2 years) treated with the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and FM protocol and with 15 Class III untreated subjects (7 males and 8 females, 6.2 ± 2.2 years). At T3, all patients showed a post-pubertal skeletal maturation stage (CS4–CS6). Descriptive statistics and statistical comparisons between the three groups at T1 and for the T3–T1, T2–T1, and T3–T2 changes were assessed by means of the ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test. Results During the overall observation period, Alt-RAMEC/FM and RME/FM protocols produced statistically significant favourable effects when compared with the Control group (ANB + 2.8° and +2.2°, respectively; Wits appraisal +4.4 mm and +2.7 mm, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the outcomes of the Alt-RAMEC/FM and RME/FM protocols neither at the post-pubertal or short-term observations. Limitations Retrospective study and the comparison with an historical control sample of subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. Conclusions The Alt-RAMEC/FM protocol cannot be recommended as the approach of choice for the therapy of Class III dentoskeletal disharmony in very young subjects compared to the conventional RME/FM protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]