Improving Concrete Quality on Structural using Lightweight Aggregates (LWA): A Comprehensive Review.

This paper reviews and analyses the use of LWA (light-weight aggregates) and precursor materials as cement substitutions from unused waste materials that partially cause environmental pollution. The purpose of this research is to find out, identify and analyse efforts to improve the quality of environmentally friendly structural lightweight concrete through a review of mechanical characteristics, workability, permeability, durability and lightweight concrete microstructure. Basically, the use of LWA as a concrete building material lowers the quality of concrete, but some precursor materials with certain compositions are able to improve the quality of concrete, in addition to the material. Method and composition of the mixture also affect the quality of concrete. Research showed the substitution of cement with nano silica, increases quality regarding the percentage of nano silica in the mixture, in addition to the pozzolan reaction between cement particles and nanoparticles, depending on the concrete ages. The microstructure of lightweight concrete can be repaired and refined. It is hoped that through this writing it is able to improve and innovate prospective researches and the industrial sector in the development of environmentally friendly structural lightweight concrete in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]