very last dance of unconjugated p-cresol... historical artefact of uraemic research.

Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 1299 - 1306 Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 12 Koppe L, Alix PM, Croze ML et al. p-cresyl glucuronide is a major metabolite of p-cresol in mouse: in contrast to p-cresyl sulphate, p-cresyl glucuronide fails to promote insulin resistance. The paper remains of great interest regarding its exploration of the role of "uraemic dysbiosis", but the conclusions raised from I p i -cresol experiments should be tempered, keeping in mind that most cells and tissues are rarely exposed to unconjugated I p i -cresol ... and never at those concentrations. Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) exhibit one of the highest mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases. [Extracted from the article]