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The Innate Cellular Immune Response in Xenotransplantation.
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology; 3/28/2022, Vol. 13, p1-8, 8p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Xenotransplantation is very attractive strategy for addressing the shortage of donors. While hyper acute rejection (HAR) caused by natural antibodies and complement has been well defined, this is not the case for innate cellular xenogeneic rejection. An increasing body of evidence suggests that innate cellular immune responses contribute to xenogeneic rejection. Various molecular incompatibilities between receptors and their ligands across different species typically have an impact on graft outcome. NK cells are activated by direct interaction as well as by antigen dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanisms. Macrophages are activated through various mechanisms in xenogeneic conditions. Macrophages recognize CD47 as a "marker of self" through binding to SIRPĪ±. A number of studies have shown that incompatibility of porcine CD47 against human SIRPĪ± contributes to the rejection of xenogeneic target cells by macrophages. Neutrophils are an early responder cell that infiltrates xenogeneic grafts. It has also been reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) activate macrophages as damage-associated pattern molecules (DAMPs). In this review, we summarize recent insights into innate cellular xenogeneic rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- IMMUNE response
XENOTRANSPLANTATION
KILLER cells
CD47 antigen
MACROPHAGES
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 13
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 155995451
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.858604