Simultaneous muscular hemorrhages in two regions three years after successfully controlling refractory ascites using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment: a case report.

Introduction: Various therapies and drugs have been developed to extend the life expectancy of patients with liver cirrhosis. The prolonged prognosis of cirrhotic patients may change the final cause of death in the future. Deep bleeding into the muscle is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis. Case report: A 53-year-old man had undergone transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt treatment for refractory ascites, which successfully controlled it for three years. However, he had started drinking again and experienced acute-on-chronic liver failure. He also had severe back pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed hyperdensities in the retroperitoneum and right pleural cavity. Despite blood infusion, he died from acute-on-chronic liver failure. A pathological autopsy revealed bleeding from the iliopsoas and right diaphragmatic muscle simultaneously, evident from the presence of red blood cells located between the muscle sheaths. Disruption of the small vessels in the skeletal muscle fibers was inferred. Conclusion: This is a critical case that underscores the significance of improving available knowledge based on the cause of final death of the patients with cirrhosis, who now have a good long-term prognosis owing to the latest medical developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]