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Enhancing the Spectroelectrochemical Performance of WO 3 Films by Use of Structure-Directing Agents during Film Growth.
- Source :
- Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Mar2022, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p2327, 26p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Thin, porous films of WO<subscript>3</subscript> were fabricated by solution-based synthesis via spin-coating using polyethylene glycol (PEG), a block copolymer (PIB<subscript>50</subscript>-b-PEO<subscript>45</subscript>), or a combination of PEG and PIB<subscript>50</subscript>-b-PEO<subscript>45</subscript> as structure-directing agents. The influence of the polymers on the composition and porosity of WO<subscript>3</subscript> was investigated by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and gas sorption analysis. The electrochromic performance of the WO<subscript>3</subscript> thin films was characterized with LiClO<subscript>4</subscript> in propylene carbonate as electrolyte. To analyze the intercalation of the Li<superscript>+</superscript> ions, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed on films in a pristine or reduced state. The use of PEG led to networks of micropores allowing fast reversible electrochromic switching with a high modulation of the optical transmittance and a high coloration efficiency. The use of PIB<subscript>50</subscript>-b-PEO<subscript>45</subscript> provided isolated spherical mesopores leading to an electrochromic performance similar to compact WO<subscript>3</subscript>, only. Optimum characteristics were obtained in films which had been prepared in the presence of both, PEG and PIB<subscript>50</subscript>-b-PEO<subscript>45</subscript>, since WO<subscript>3</subscript> films with mesopores were obtained that were interconnected by a microporous network and showed a clear progress in electrochromic switching beyond compact or microporous WO<subscript>3</subscript>. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20763417
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Applied Sciences (2076-3417)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 155705637
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052327