Multidimensional stochastic dissipative quantum dynamics using a Lindblad operator.

In this paper, multidimensional dissipative quantum dynamics is studied within a system–bath approach in the Markovian regime using a model Lindblad operator. We report on the implementation of a Monte Carlo wave packet algorithm in the Heidelberg version of the Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) program package, which is henceforth extended to treat stochastic dissipative dynamics. The Lindblad operator is represented as a sum of products of one-dimensional operators. The new form of the operator is not restricted to the MCTDH formalism and could be used with other multidimensional quantum dynamical methods. As a benchmark system, a two-dimensional coupled oscillators model representing the internal stretch and the surface–molecule distance in the O₂/Pt(111) system coupled to a Markovian bath of electron–hole-pairs is used. The simulations reveal the interplay between coherent intramolecular coupling due to anharmonic terms in the potential and incoherent relaxation due to coupling to an environment. It is found that thermalization of the system can be approximately achieved when the intramolecular coupling is weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]