On the Radiative Impact of Biomass-Burning Aerosols in the Arctic: The August 2017 Case Study.

Simple Summary: This study aims to quantify the effects of smoke originating from boreal biomass-burning fires on solar radiation propagating through the atmosphere. The wildfires that took place in summer 2017 along Greenland's west coast and northern Canada produced a considerable amount of particles that were transported north and northeast, respectively, and were detected at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; 76.53 ∘ N, 68.74 ∘ W). Solar radiation measurements carried out at THAAO, satellite data, and modeled radiations allowed the estimation of surface cooling and the warming aloft at two atmospheric layers (at altitudes of approximately 5 and 11 km asl) due to the presence of the biomass-burning aerosol particles. Boreal fires have increased during the last years and are projected to become more intense and frequent as a consequence of climate change. Wildfires produce a wide range of effects on the Arctic climate and ecosystem, and understanding these effects is crucial for predicting the future evolution of the Arctic region. This study focuses on the impact of the long-range transport of biomass-burning aerosol into the atmosphere and the corresponding radiative perturbation in the shortwave frequency range. As a case study, we investigate an intense biomass-burning (BB) event which took place in summer 2017 in Canada and subsequent northeastward transport of gases and particles in the plume leading to exceptionally high values (0.86) of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 500 nm measured in northwestern Greenland on 21 August 2017. This work characterizes the BB plume measured at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; 76.53 ∘ N, 68.74 ∘ W) in August 2017 by assessing the associated shortwave aerosol direct radiative impact over the THAAO and extending this evaluation over the broader region ( 60 ∘ N– 80 ∘ N, 110 ∘ W– 0 ∘ E). The radiative transfer simulations with MODTRAN6.0 estimated an aerosol heating rate of up to 0.5 K/day in the upper aerosol layer (8–12 km). The direct aerosol radiative effect (ARE) vertical profile shows a maximum negative value of −45.4 Wm − 2 for a 78 ∘ solar zenith angle above THAAO at 3 km altitude. A cumulative surface ARE of −127.5 TW is estimated to have occurred on 21 August 2017 over a portion (∼ 3.1 × 10 6 km 2 ) of the considered domain ( 60 ∘ N– 80 ∘ N, 110 ∘ W– 0 ∘ E). ARE regional mean daily values over the same portion of the domain vary between −65 and −25 Wm − 2 . Although this is a limited temporal event, this effect can have significant influence on the Arctic radiative budget, especially in the anticipated scenario of increasing wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]