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Flushing of Soils Highly Contaminated with Cd Using Various Washing Agents Derived from Sewage Sludge.
- Source :
- Energies (19961073); Jan2022, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p349, 1p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- The suitability of sewage-sludge derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter DOM; humic-like substances HLS; soluble humic substances SHS), was assessed for removing Cd from highly contaminated (300 mg/kg) sandy clay loam and clay. The soils were remediated via column flushing at two flow rates, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min. The stability of the flow velocity (FV) depended on the type of SS_WA and decreased in the following order: DOM > HLS > SHS. Cd was most effectively removed during the first hours of flushing, and the process proceeded with a first-order kinetics. The overall process efficiency was higher at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min than at 0.5 mL/min and ranged from 65.7 (SHS) to 75.5% (DOM) for the sandy clay loam and from 64.7% (SHS) to 67.8% (DOM) for the clay. However, all SS_WAs at both flow rates removed the most mobile Cd fraction (F1) with an efficiency above 90%. Flushing improved soil characteristics in terms of the content of organic matter, humic substances and nutrients. Among all SS_WAs, DOM was the most suitable for remediation of highly Cd-contaminated soils due to high efficiency of Cd removal, the high stability of its FV during flushing and the simple manner of DOM recovery from sewage sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- SEWAGE sludge
SOIL pollution
SOILS
FLOW velocity
CLAY
SOIL remediation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Energies (19961073)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 154586986
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349