Možnosti identifikace rizikových lokalit v krajině z hlediska ochrany infrastruktury před poškozením povodňovými událostmi.

Surface runoff and water erosion are natural phenomena, and historically they acted as important drivers in forming the morphology of our landscape. Negative connotation it obtained during last decades due to rising conflicts with human activities resulting in climate changes and improper land use practices. The evidence itself would not be that problematic as increasing damages which correspond to rising value structures located in improper localities or, on the other hand, rising number of localities endangered by surface runoff due to the miss-land use. One should always respect that most of natural processes within the landscape are relatively simply predictable (at least in their basic forms) and neglecting them might lead to high damages or high costs with regard to control and compensation measures and structures. It is especially risky when locating structures in the landscape with waterways where building structures create obstacles to water flow or increase proportion of sealed surfaces without appropriate compensation of rainwater retention. Ordinary floods, regardless if standard ones or flash floods caused by storms on small water courses are relatively well mapped concerning their occurrence, prediction and also possibilities of control strategies. However, so called pluvial floods (sheet and later concentrated surface runoff out of stream channels) has still not been included into legislation concerning neither its control strategies, nor detection methods. These extreme runoff events are often very risky and dangerous, as they come very fast and there is mostly no chance to install any protective measures or structures. The damage caused is usually mainly due to loads of sediment from agricultural land deposited at the structures. The analysis of the surface runoff accumulation including its quantification and assessment of massive development of soil erosion processes and related sediment transport and deposition is technically possible and relatively easy. Using advanced GIS techniques and analysis of DEM, detailed land use and land cover maps together with soil conditions maps, the landscape can be analyzed and critical points of conflicts between landscape and urban planning versus surface runoff and sediment transport can be identified. In case of existing infrastructure such information can lead to designation and implementation of control measures or changes in land use. In case of newly planned structures or urbanization the most effective is to avoid risky spots, as installation of any control measures brings unavoidable risk of their failure – with much higher consequent damage. Such localities can preferably be used for non-conflict use; such as recreation, sport grounds or natural zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]