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Swing Phase Mechanics of Maximal Velocity Sprints—Does Isokinetic Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Matter?
- Source :
- International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance; Jul2021, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p974-984, 11p, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Purpose: Concentric hip and eccentric knee joint mechanics affect sprint performance. Although the biarticular hamstrings combine these capacities, empirical links between swing phase mechanics and corresponding isokinetic outcome parameters are deficient. This explorative study aimed (1) to explain the variance of sprint velocity, (2) to compare maximal sprints with isokinetic tests, (3) to associate swing phase mechanics with isokinetic parameters, and (4) to quantify the relation between knee and hip joint swing phase mechanics. Methods: A total of 22 sprinters (age = 22 y, height = 1.81 m, weight = 77 kg) performed sprints and eccentric knee flexor and concentric knee extensor tests. All exercises were captured by 10 (sprints) and 4 (isokinetics) cameras. Lower-limb muscle balance was assessed by the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point. Results: The sprint velocity (9.79 [0.49] m/s) was best predicted by the maximal knee extension velocity, hip mean power (both swing phase parameters), and isokinetic peak moment of concentric quadriceps exercise (R<superscript>2</superscript> = 60%). The moment of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (R<superscript>2</superscript> = 39%) was the isokinetic parameter with the highest predictive power itself. Knee and hip joint mechanics affected each other during sprinting. They were significantly associated with isokinetic parameters of eccentric hamstring tests, as well as moments and angles of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point, but restrictedly with concentric quadriceps exercise. The maximal sprints imposed considerably higher loads than isokinetic tests (eg, 13-fold eccentric knee joint peak power). Conclusions: Fast sprinters demonstrated distinctive knee and hip mechanics in the late swing phase, as well as strong eccentric hamstrings, with a clear association to the musculoarticular requirements of the swing phase in sprinting. The transferability of isokinetic knee strength data to sprinting is limited inter alia due to different hip joint configurations. However, isokinetic tests quantify specific sprint-related muscular prerequisites and constitute a useful diagnostic tool due to their predicting value to sprint performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- KNEE physiology
HIP joint physiology
RESEARCH
EXERCISE tests
RANGE of motion of joints
MUSCLE contraction
MUSCLE strength testing
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of acceleration
LEG
COMPARATIVE studies
MUSCLE strength
HAMSTRING muscle
QUADRICEPS muscle
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
BIOMECHANICS
ATHLETIC ability
ISOKINETIC exercise
SPRINTING
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15550265
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 151085937
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0423