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Local Respiratory Allergy: From Rhinitis Phenotype to Disease Spectrum.

Local Respiratory Allergy: From Rhinitis Phenotype to Disease Spectrum.

Authors :
Testera-Montes, Almudena
Salas, Maria
Palomares, Francisca
Ariza, Adriana
Torres, María J.
Rondón, Carmen
Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology; 6/2/2021, Vol. 12, p1-8, 8p
Publication Year :
2021

Abstract

Local respiratory allergy (LRA) is defined by the negativity of atopy tests, a clinical history suggestive of airway allergy and a positive response to the nasal and/or bronchial allergen challenge. The clinical spectrum of LRA is comprised of three conditions: local allergic rhinitis (LAR) and local allergic asthma in non-atopic patients, and dual allergic rhinitis (coexistence of allergic rhinitis and LAR) in atopic individuals. LRA is an independent disease phenotype not progressing to atopy over time, but naturally evolving to the clinical worsening and the onset of comorbidities. Published data suggests that LRA is mediated through the mucosal synthesis of allergen-specific (s)IgE, which binds to FcϵRI on resident mast cells, and in >50% of cases traffics to the blood stream to sensitize circulating basophils. To date, 4 clinical trials have demonstrated the capacity of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to decrease nasal, conjunctival and bronchial symptoms, to improve quality of life, to increase the threshold dose of allergen eliciting respiratory symptoms, and to induce serum sIgG<subscript>4</subscript> in LRA individuals. Collectively, these data indicate that local allergy is a relevant disease mechanisms in both atopic and non-atopic patients with airway diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
12
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
150708528
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.691964