Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 2020 Annual Meeting.

We study European demand for American state bonds after the state debt crisis of the 1840s to establish this finding. Peter Nencka and Enrico Berkes, I The Ohio State University i SESSION 12: BANKING SERVICES FOR UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES Generating African-American Wealth through Banking Compiling a new dataset of banks owned and managed by African Americans from 1907 to 1930, I provide the first analysis of the contribution of African-American banks to the increase in economic welfare of African-American communities. Following a national bank holiday in 1933, New York state bank regulators suspended the publication of balance sheets of state-charter banks for two years, whereas national-charter bank regulators did not. We find that state-charter banks experienced less deposit outflows than national-charter banks in 1933. [Extracted from the article]