Recent Studies on Titanium Refining: 20172020.

Titanium oxide can be converted directly to its metallic state. This extraordinary technology is realized in a CaCl2-based molten salt that can extract oxygen ions from the cathode. Several discussions have been exchanged in the field of electrochemistry and metallurgy in the last two decades. Recent papers on titanium refining are overviewed by selecting popular papers, especially those published in this journal, Materials Transactions. Basic and scientific studies on titanium and its refining are briefly analyzed, and some practical applications are introduced in related oxide reductions and the corresponding molten salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]