Four Decades of Creative Destruction: Renewing Canada's Manufacturing Base from 1961-1999.

The article focuses on the renewal of Canada’s manufacturing base from 1961-1999. This paper indicates that job turnover in manufacturing has a substantial long-term component. Moreover, it quantifies the size of this process decade by decade. Over a decade, almost 40% of jobs are renewed. Using a 20-year time frame, over 65% of the economy is renewed, over a 30 year period, renewal amounts to just over 75%; and by 40 years, just over 85% of jobs are new. The rates of renewal are closely related to growth.