Voting technique‐based islanding detection using superimposed phase angle variation.

In this study, a passive islanding detection technique based on the variation in the angles of superimposed sequence components of voltage and current is proposed. The pre‐ and post‐islanding voltage and current superimposed components are derived using the corresponding voltage and current phasors. The angle between the positive and negative sequence voltage and current and the superimposed components of these quantities are derived to take further action. Furthermore, decisions obtained from the angles of different superimposed components are combined using a voting technique to take the final decision with more reliability and accuracy. The scheme does not require the establishment of any threshold and completely relies on the rule base obtained through a simulation study. A microgrid with multiple connection points is simulated using a real‐time digital simulator (RTDS). A hardware‐in‐the‐loop test bench is arranged using a dSPACE DS1104 and RTDS. Numerous test cases are simulated to assess the performance of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]