Correlation Guided Graph Learning to Estimate Functional Connectivity Patterns From fMRI Data.

Objective: Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-derived brain functional connectivity (FC) patterns have been used as fingerprints to predict individual differences in phenotypic measures, and cognitive dysfunction associated with brain diseases. In these applications, how to accurately estimate FC patterns is crucial yet technically challenging. Methods: In this article, we propose a correlation guided graph learning (CGGL) method to estimate FC patterns for establishing brain-behavior relationships. Different from the existing graph learning methods which only consider the graph structure across brain regions-of-interest (ROIs), our proposed CGGL takes into account both the temporal correlation of ROIs across time points, and the graph structure across ROIs. The resulting FC patterns reflect substantial inter-individual variations related to the behavioral measure of interest. Results: We validate the effectiveness of our proposed CGGL on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort data for separately predicting three behavioral measures based on resting-state fMRI. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CGGL outperforms other competing FC pattern estimation methods. Conclusion: Our method increases the predictive power of the constructed FC patterns when establishing brain-behavior relationships, and gains meaningful insights into relevant biological mechanisms. Significance: The proposed CGGL offers a more powerful, and reliable method to estimate FC patterns, which can be used as fingerprints in many brain network studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]