Comparing European Approaches to Management Education, Training, and Development.

This article compares European approaches to management education, training and development. Managerial competencies and skills are increasingly attracting the attention of practitioners and policy makers. With the increasing emphasis on the use of knowledge and skills, countries have, over a period of time, built strong systems of training and development, have generally performed well and as a consequence, particularly during the 1990s, many European countries expanded their training infrastructures.