Operation strategy of park microgrid with multi‐stakeholder based on bi‐level optimisation.

The new reform of power system promotes the market‐oriented operation of microgrids. The ubiquitous power internet of things provide support in information, data, and computation to microgrids in market operation, energy management, and coordination interaction. This study takes the park microgrid with multi‐stakeholder as the object, establishes a two‐level optimisation model of microgrid bidding transaction based on multi‐agent system. In the lower level optimisation, considering the deviation penalty of power generation and the previous round bidding results, the optimal bidding strategy model is established by the bidding unit agent to maximise its benefit. In the upper‐level model, bidding strategies of distributed energy resources (DERs) as constraints, a multiple objective mixed‐integer linear programming model was built to optimise the overall objectives of clearing price and imbalanced deviation, searching for the optimal clearing price and the generation plan of DERs. The results were fed back to the DERs to help them form the next round of strategies until the result reaches equilibrium. The proposed optimised operation mode is compared with the traditional operation mode in the case study, verifying that the proposed method can realise the optimal operation of the microgrid and the coordinated interaction with the main grid, increasing the benefit of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]