Impact of Vitreal Tamponade on Functional Outcomes in Vitrectomy with ILM Peeling in Primary Macula-Involving Retinal Detachment: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: To compare visual outcomes of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and failed SF₆ gas tamponade requiring silicone oil (SO) in a second procedure with primary SO tamponade in fovea-involving retinal detachment (FiRD). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 82 eyes with retinal detachment and mild, but without advanced proliferative retinopathy (PVR ≥C2) requiring vitrectomy for FiRD. Group 1 comprised 23 eyes that underwent SF₆ tamponade resulting in re-detachment requiring revision surgery with secondary SO tamponade. Based on the intraoperative findings, group 2 patients had primarily received SO as vitreal tamponade (n=59). Patients receiving a scleral buckle surgery or with advanced PVR as well as patients with underlying vascular diseases and uveitis were excluded. Results: Preoperative visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) was 13.5 ± 19.1 in group 1 and 14.0 ± 18.3 in group 2 (p=0.44). Twelve months after first surgery for FiRD, visual acuity was 49.8 ± 19.8 in group 1 and 51.7 ± 18.7 letters in group 2 (p= 0.63). Re-detachment after SO removal requiring revision surgery developed in 17.4 (n=4) and 15.3% (n=9) cases. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that if retinal traction is completely relieved at the end of surgery, vitrectomy with ILM peeling and SF₆ may, if successful, improve the functional outcomes in instances with visual potential, ie, a foveal detachment of short duration despite the presence of a mild to moderate PVR, but with the inherent increased risk of re-detachment requiring further intervention and the use of a SO tamponade. Hence, secondary SO installation during re-vitrectomy after failed primary reattachment surgery results in similar functional outcomes as primary oil filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]