Using Biomimicry to Support Resilient Infrastructure Design.

Infrastructure must be resilient to both known and unknown disturbances. In the past, resilient infrastructure design efforts have tended to focus on principles of robustness and recovery against projected failures. This framing has developed independently from resilience principles in biological and ecological systems. As such, there are open questions as to whether the approaches of natural systems that lead to adaptation and transformation are relevant to engineered systems. To improve engineered system resilience, infrastructure managers may benefit from considering and applying a set of "Life's Principles"—design principles and patterns drawn from the field of biomimicry. Nature has long withstood disturbances within and beyond previous experience. Infrastructure resilience theory and practice are assessed against Life's Principles identifying alignments, contradictions, contentions, and gaps. Resilient infrastructure theory, which emphasizes a need for flexible and agile infrastructure, aligns well with Life's Principles, addressing each principle and most sub‐principles (excluding "breakdown products into benign components" and "do chemistry in water"). Meanwhile, resilient infrastructure practice only occasionally aligns with Life's Principles and contradicts five out of six principles. As resilience theory advances, Life's Principles offer support in broadening how infrastructure managers approach resilience, and by using biomimicry, infrastructure managers can be better equipped to deploy resilience for complexity and uncertainty. Plain Language Summary: In today's rapidly evolving climate, and amid unprecedented technological disruptions, engineers and designers seek infrastructure solutions that are resilient to both known and unknown future conditions. This paper uses biomimicry to provide examples and guidance for resilient infrastructure systems, spanning theory and practice. We evaluate opportunities for improving design, prompted through consideration of Life's Principles—six principles that are associated with the emergence of resilience in natural systems. We conclude that resilient infrastructure theory generally accords with Life's Principles (aligning with all but two unaddressed sub‐principles). However, resilient infrastructure practice only occasionally aligns with Life's Principles, and it contradicts five out of six Life's Principles with the sixth ("use life friendly chemistry") being unaddressed. We recommend several pragmatic opportunities for infrastructure managers to improve infrastructure resilience going forward through incorporating Life's Principles within the design process. Key Points: Emerging resilient infrastructure theory addresses all Life's Principles and most sub‐principlesMeanwhile, resilient infrastructure practice largely ignores and, occasionally, contradicts Life's Principles and sub‐principlesBiomimicry provides examples of system resilience in a complex and uncertain world and offers guidance to infrastructure managers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]