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High dietary micronutrient inadequacy in peri‐urban school children from a district in South India: Potential for staple food fortification and nutrient supplementation.
- Source :
- Maternal & Child Nutrition; Dec2020 Supplement S3, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1-14, 14p
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Multiple micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) co‐exist, often because of poor intakes and adversely impact health. Habitual diets were assessed in 300 school children (6–17 years old) recruited from two government schools by simple random sampling. Probability of adequacy (PA) for 11 micronutrients and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) was calculated. Haemoglobin, plasma ferritin, folic acid, vitamin B12 and C‐reactive protein were estimated. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to estimate magnitude and factors associated with MNDs. The contribution of fortified foods and/or supplements in addressing inadequacies and excessive intakes was modelled. The PA ranged from 0.04 for folate to 0.70 for zinc, and the MPA was 0.27. Prevalence of anaemia (53%), iron deficiency (57%; ID), iron deficiency anaemia (38%; IDA), folate deficiency (24%) and B12 deficiency (43%) was high. Dietary inadequacy of iron, zinc and a low MPA was associated with anaemia and IDA. Inclusion of double fortified salt (DFS), fortified rice (FR) or iron folic acid (IFA) supplements individually in habitual diet reduced probability of iron inadequacy significantly from 82% to ≤13%. Inclusion of DFS and FR simultaneously led to disappearance of iron inadequacy, but risk of excessive intake increased to 16%. Inclusion of DFS, FR and IFA together increased risk of excess iron intake to 40%. Nevertheless, intakes of folate and B12 remained inadequate even with FR and/or IFA. These results indicate a high risk of dietary MNDs in children and suggest need for more systematic intake measurements in representative sample and adjustment of iron dosages to avoid excessive intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- PREVENTION of malnutition
ENRICHED foods
MALNUTRITION
AGE distribution
ANEMIA
C-reactive protein
CHI-squared test
COMPARATIVE studies
DIETARY supplements
FERRITIN
FOLIC acid
FOLIC acid deficiency
HEMOGLOBINS
HIGH school students
INGESTION
IRON
IRON deficiency anemia
METROPOLITAN areas
MIDDLE school students
NONPARAMETRIC statistics
NUTRITIONAL assessment
REGRESSION analysis
RESEARCH funding
RICE
RISK assessment
SALT
STATISTICAL sampling
SCHOOL children
STATISTICS
MICRONUTRIENTS
VITAMIN B12
VITAMIN B12 deficiency
ZINC
LOGISTIC regression analysis
DATA analysis
RANDOMIZED controlled trials
DISEASE prevalence
DATA analysis software
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
KRUSKAL-Wallis Test
ONE-way analysis of variance
DISEASE risk factors
ADOLESCENCE
CHILDREN
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17408695
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Maternal & Child Nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 147713480
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13065