The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure (P∞) and zero-flow pressure (Pzf).

This article describes the modified arterial reservoir in detail. The modified arterial reservoir makes explicit the wave nature of both reservoir (P_res) and excess pressure (P_xs). The mathematical derivation and methods for estimating P_res in the absence of flow velocity data are described. There is also discussion of zero-flow pressure (P_zf), the pressure at which flow through the circulation ceases; its relationship to asymptotic pressure (P_∞) estimated by the reservoir model; and the physiological interpretation of P_zf. A systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that P_zf differs from mean circulatory filling pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]