Influence of chemical activation on synthesis of carbon nanoparticles via carbonization from lignin.

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been successfully synthesized from waste lignin via carbonization and base activation. The effect of base activation on lignin transformation to carbon nanoparticles was investigated. The physicochemical properties of CNPs were comprehensively characterized through a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Surface area and pore analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the condition using 5 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbonization at 700°C on the N₂ atmosphere exhibited the highly porous structure of carbon nanoparticles. In conclusion, the NaOH-treated CNPs led to the production of high specific surface areas and high micropore volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]