Geochemical Constraints on Mantle Melting and Magma Genesis at Pohnpei Island, Micronesia.

The lithospheric mantle is of paramount importance in controlling the chemical composition of ocean island basalts (OIBs), influencing partial melting and magma evolution processes. To improve the understanding of these processes, the pressure–temperature conditions of mantle melting were investigated, and liquid lines of descent were modelled for OIBs on Pohnpei Island. The studied basaltic samples are alkalic, and can be classified as SiO₂-undersaturated or SiO₂-saturated series rocks, with the former having higher TiO₂ and FeO^T contents but with no distinct trace-element composition, suggesting melting of a compositionally homogenous mantle source at varying depths. Both series underwent sequential crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxides, and minor plagioclase and alkali feldspar. Early magnetite crystallization resulted from initially high FeO^T contents and oxygen fugacity, and late feldspar crystallization was due to initially low Al₂O₃ contents and alkali enrichment of the evolved magma. The Pohnpei lavas formed at estimated mantle-melting temperatures of 1486–1626 °C (average 1557 ± 43 °C, 1σ), and pressures of 2.9–5.1 GPa (average 3.8 ± 0.7 GPa), with the SiO₂-undersaturated series forming at higher melting temperatures and pressures. Trace-element compositions further suggest that garnet rather than spinel was a residual phase in the mantle source during the melting process. Compared with the Hawaiian and Louisville seamount chains, Pohnpei Island underwent much lower degrees of mantle melting at greater depth, possibly due to a thicker lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]