Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation and photosynthetically active radiation in six Yunnan Plateau lakes of China based on seasonal field investigations.

Solar radiation is a primary driver affecting several physical, chemical and biological processes in lake ecosystems. The attenuation of sunlight in water is directly controlled by optically active substances. Here, the seasonal and interlake heterogeneities of the diffuse attenuation coefficients (K_d(λ)) of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were studied based on field investigations in six Yunnan Plateau lakes (i.e., Chenghai, Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian, Lugu and Yangzong) of China, October 2014-July 2016. The results revealed that K_d(λ) generally increased with decreasing wavelength and increasing trophic state and that K_d(UVR) presented higher interlake heterogeneity than K_d(PAR). The interlake heterogeneity surpassed the seasonal heterogeneity of K_d(λ), whereas the intralake seasonal heterogeneity, which is related to the lake trophic state and solar spectrum, was obvious. Although the main factors affecting K_d(λ) were chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and phytoplankton in general, the interlake heterogeneity was found. In eutrophic, turbid shallow Lake Dianchi, CDOM primarily affected UV-B, whereas total suspended solids (TSS) and/or phytoplankton had important effects on K_d(UV-B), K_d(UV-A) and K_d(PAR). CDOM, TSS and phytoplankton influenced the K_d(UV-B), K_d(UV-A) and K_d(PAR) in the deep mesotrophic Lake Chenghai and Lake Erhai, but the main particulate factors were different between these two lakes. In the deep, oligotrophic clear Lake Fuxian and Lake Lugu, only the significant effect of CDOM on K_d(UVR) in Lake Fuxian was detected. Additionally, the factors affecting K_d(λ) in Lake Yangzong were atypical, possibly due to the artificial addition of massive amounts of ferric chloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]