A Study of Intracoronary Injection of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Is It an Applicable Solution for Critically Ill Patients?

Background: Benefits of stem cell therapy on remodelling and cardiac function have been described in adults with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction. Objectives: We investigated the effect of this treatment modality amongst children with severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: Intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear stem cells was performed in our centers for 8 severely ill children during 2015 - 2016. Themeanage of the patients was 10.1 years (5 girls, 3 boys). They were followed by longitudinal speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and conventional echocardiography for 6 months. Results: Heart functional class improved in 62% of patients. M-mode echocardiography showed significant improvement in ejection fraction (mean 24.8±8.3 vs. 37.4±10.5) and in STE, the mean global longitudinal strain improved (GLS: -2.8±1.9 vs. -5.2±3.9). None of the patients had serious complications. Conclusions: Intracoronary injection of autologous mononuclear stem cells might improve the ventricular function and cardiac remodelling in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and could be considered in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]