Introduction to the presidential symposium at the International Congress of Neuroethology, ICN 2018 in Brisbane, Australia.

The articles in this section of the present issue of I Journal of Comparative Physiology i I A i are from speakers at the 2nd Presidential Symposium of the Congress of the International Society for Neuroethology in Brisbane in June 2018. Understanding behavior is critical to understanding neuroscience in the context that behavior is the ultimate phenotype, the final read-out of the nervous system, and a primary target of evolution. For the uninitiated, behavior seems simple - however B , b modern techniques for studying behavior have shown us that the majority of behaviors have many, many degrees of freedom, and that a single behavior can serve multiple functions. [Extracted from the article]