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PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality.
- Source :
- International Journal of Epidemiology; Feb2020, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p25-35, 11p
- Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- <bold>Background: </bold>Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.<bold>Methods: </bold>We investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<bold>Results: </bold>Each increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9-28.0 μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure <8 μg/m3 (referent), risks for CVD were increased in relation to PM2.5 exposures in the range of 8-12 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), in the range 12-20 μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13) and in the range 20+ μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Results were robust to alternative approaches to PM2.5 exposure assessment and statistical analysis.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality, with excess risks occurring in the range of and below the present US long-term standard for ambient exposure to PM2.5 (12 µg/m3), indicating the need for continued improvements in air pollution abatement for CVD prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality
AIR pollution
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors
HEART disease related mortality
DISEASE risk factors
PARTICULATE matter
RESEARCH
RESEARCH methodology
EVALUATION research
MEDICAL cooperation
COMPARATIVE studies
RESEARCH funding
ENVIRONMENTAL exposure
PROPORTIONAL hazards models
LONGITUDINAL method
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 03005771
- Volume :
- 49
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 142579924
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz114