Термодинамічна ефективність газодинамічного наддуву двигунів внутрішнього згоряння

The energy efficiency of marine internal combustion engines depends substantially on the efficiency of the exhaust gas heat recovery systems, as their thermal potentials account for more than half of the heat flow generated by the combustion of the fuel. One of the effective methods of utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases is gas turbine inflating systems, which allows to increase the effective efficiency and to significantly increase the power of the internal combustion engines without any additional increase in their dimensions. In thermodynamic analysis of thermomechanical systems, the most appropriate method is the function (exergy), which, compared to the traditional method of cycles, is simpler and more versatile, since it does not require the identification and analysis of auxiliary models of comparison. The use of the exergy method in thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine inflator systems allows to consider not only quantitative indicators in energy transformations in processes, but also to determine qualitative characteristics of energy flows. The paper presents a methodology for the calculation of energy and exergy flows in a gas turbine blast system based on a turbine unit with a gas turbine and a centrifugal compressor, which are most commonly used in internal combustion engines. The calculations of the exergy indices of the output gas flow of the internal combustion ship engine with the gas turbine inflator system and the diagram of exergy streams based on them allow us to determine the processes with the highest irreversibility (the level of degradation of energy), both in absolute and relative terms. This approach allows us to recommend priority measures to optimize the processes of energy conversion in internal combustion engines in order to improve their overall technical and economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]