Experimental investigation on the effects of inter-layer gaps on wind loads of cantilevered stadium roofs.

To meet the ventilation requirement, an engineer needs to design the cantilevered roof of a stadium as a layered one with gaps between the layers. In order to further understand the wind resistance performance of such structures, a wind tunnel test was carried out on a 1:200 scaled stadium model considering two roof inter-layer cases: opened gaps and blocked gaps. The laws of lift force coefficients and net wind pressure coefficients were compared for these two gap conditions. The study results indicate that the roof experiences larger mean lift force on both top and bottom surfaces when the inter-layer gaps are blocked. However, the roof gaps can reduce the fluctuating lift force on top roof surface and the net fluctuating lift force, weakening the vibration of the flexible large-span roof. The negative pressures (suctions) in the inner and middle roof areas on the leeward side decrease for the blocked gap case. The positive pressure in the outer roof area generally increases along the windward direction, while the negative pressure decreases in other wind directions, when the roof inter-layer gaps are blocked. In the highest and transition roof areas, the fluctuating pressures increase for most wind directions, while in the lowest roof area, they decrease when the roof inter-layer gaps are blocked. The test and analysis results provide a valuable basis for the wind design of this kind of roof structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]