Experimental Study on Geysers Induced by the Release of Trapped Air in Storage Tunnel Systems.

A storage tunnel system is the critical infrastructure of urban drainage systems, in which the rapid filling of water and release of trapped air can lead to the "geyser" phenomenon. This may cause serious damage, threatening both system operation and personal safety. In this paper, a detailed experimental study was carried out based on synchronous recorded video images and digital image processing technology. According to experimental observations, gas-flow geysers and surge-type geysers were analyzed deeply. The former is caused by high-speed gas flow and is accompanied by a pressure drop; the latter is caused by surge pressure and is accompanied by a pressure increase. The free surface velocity of the gas-flow geyser is mainly affected by the external pressure, the air volume, the diameter of the shaft, and the height of the water column, and the geyser phenomenon cannot occur when the air column is mainly dominated by buoyancy. Based on dimensional analysis and data fitting, this paper presents the empirical formula for the free surface velocity and the interface net velocity and puts forward the critical occurrence conditions for the gas-flow geyser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]