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Optimizing the growth of very-low-birth-weight infants requires targeting both nutritional and nonnutritional modifiable factors specific to stage of hospitalization.
- Source :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; Dec2019, Vol. 110 Issue 6, p1384-1394, 11p, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Background Data on how baseline characteristics, acuity, morbidity, and nutrition work in combination to affect the growth of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants are limited. Objective We aimed to determine factors associated with in-hospital weight, length, and head circumference (HC) trajectories of VLBW infants. Methods VLBW infants (n = 316) from the GTA-DoMINO trial were included. Linear mixed-effects models assessed relations of baseline characteristics, acuity (at birth, across hospitalization), major morbidities, and nutrition (enteral feeding type, macronutrient/energy intakes) with changes in anthropometrics over hospitalization (days 1–8, 9–29, 30–75). Results Specific factors and the strength of their associations with growth depended on in-hospital time interval. Small-for-gestational-age infants experienced weight gain (4.3 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>; 95% CI: 2.0, 6.5 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>) during days 1–8, versus weight loss (−4.6 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>; 95% CI: −5.6, −3.7 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>) among appropriate-for-gestational-age infants (P  < 0.001). Positive-pressure ventilation (versus oxygen/room air) was associated with slower weight (−1.8 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>) and HC (−0.25 cm/wk) gain during days 9–29 (P  < 0.001). Morbidities were negatively associated with growth after days 1–8, with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) showing negative associations with weight (−2.7 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>), length (−0.11 cm/wk), and HC (−0.21 cm/wk) gain during days 9–29 (P  < 0.001). Macronutrient/energy intakes were associated with weight across hospitalization (P  ≤ 0.01), with greater weight gain (1.3–3.0 g · kg<superscript>−1</superscript> · d<superscript>−1</superscript>) among infants achieving macronutrient/energy recommendations during days 9–29 and 30–75. Macronutrient/energy intakes were associated with HC during the first month (P  = 0.013–0.003), with greater HC gain (0.07–0.12 cm/wk) among infants achieving protein, lipid, and energy recommendations during days 9–29. Conclusions Baseline characteristics, acuity, morbidity, and nutrition factors were independently associated with VLBW infant growth. A focus on achieving macronutrient/energy recommendations and improving nutrient delivery to PDA-diagnosed infants may yield improvements to their growth. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN35317141. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00029165
- Volume :
- 110
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 140162116
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz227