Kidney Injury Biomarkers with Clinical Utility: Has Godot Finally Arrived?

The search for relevant kidney injury biomarkers has been a fervent one and well-documented over the past 15 years. Counterintuitively, patients with acute decompensated heart failure who have elevated injury biomarkers and clinical AKI actually have better post-discharge outcomes and better post-discharge kidney function [[10]]. These groups can be potentially broken down into patients with early and/or late diabetic kidney disease, non-diabetic or APOL1-associated kidney disease, various types of glomerulonephritides, patients with chronic heart failure, chronic liver disease and HIV-positive individuals. [Extracted from the article]