Recent trends in fish feed ingredients - mini review.

This review has highlighted - without claiming to be exhaustive - the recent trends in fish feed ingredients, started with the problems of fish meal and fish oil. The possible alternatives were presented and evaluated as replacement of FM in finfish diets. Current alternative feed ingredients are complimentary. Feeds that include several ingredients are more balanced and reduced the ANFs of each separate ingredient, what leads to better growth rates and animal health. Currently, vegetable-based sources like soy are dominating issue of the fishmeal replacement. By high level of processing and using novel techniques the digestibility and nutrient availability can be enhanced. There is room, however, for certain novel ingredients, such as algae- and insect-based feeds to gain a larger share of feed ratios in aquaculture. Yeasts and their derivatives are used by choice as alternatives for antibiotics. Processing of wood raw materials into a protein-rich components are also very promising ingredients for fish feeds. Many times, we have to use pre- and probiotic compounds, feed additives to enhance the utilization, palatability of the alternative ingredients. Maintaining good health and welfare of fish is vital to be sustainable and cost effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]